نشریه اسلام و سلامت
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1393)

Surrogacy means necessary agreement with the womb owner who is ready for pregnancy and delivering the infant for an infertile couple. In a surrogacy، the host replaces the real mother totally and the guest child may not have any genetic relationship with his/her second mother. This study investigated the surrogacy legal dimensions according to the related issues of Iran and other countries. In this study، necessary searches were used from scientific reliable sites such as Iran Medex and NCBI about surrogacy and ART methods. The articles with the author''s legal point of view toward surrogacy were used based on Islamic jurisprudence especially Shia jurisprudence that paid attention to Iranian civil legal and social laws. This study also was referred to the articles about scientific position of surrogacy and its'' effect on family problems. Tradition، law and doctrinal issues of each society should be considered in a surrogacy. In some countries such as Astralia، Germany، Swedish، Norway، Greece، Irland and Finland، using of surrogacy is illegal or there is no law about this. Any specific law does not codified in Iran. Therefore، the applicants refer to shias jurists'' judgments and if they imitate of someone، they follow their Marja Taghlid. Alternatively، they follow up infertility centers and act based on their viewpoint. In some contries، the benefit of infant is more important. Some people believe that this treatment is useful for both parties and that forbiddance of using surrogacy causes restriction for some infertile couples. Some people deem that the risk of using this method is more than its benefit. Although the vacancy of law feels universally، there is disagreement on some issues such as guardianship، parental rights and motivation of doing this work.

Trust in God was mentioned in verses and narrations as the best reliance and the releasing device from embarrassing and sadness. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between trust in God، quality of life and life expectancy. The present research was descriptive correlational study. Among populations، 210 individuals were randomly selected. In this study، data were collected from questionnaires of trust in God، life expectancy and quality of life. The results indicated that there was significant relationship between the trust in God and life expectancy، between quality of life and trust in God and between quality of life and life expectancy of teachers. In addition، there was significant difference between men and women in the rates of trust in God. The results showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between beliefs، attitudes، ideas and the religious identity of people and the quality and expectancy of their lives.

Health and disease are the most common research variables and article subjects in medical and paramedical researchs، and in other hand، Verses and traditions are the important references to convey importace a subject for moslems. The aim of this study was to discover using Quran and Nahjolbalaghehas a reference in medical articles. This cross-sectional study was conducted among all of Babol University of Medical SciencesJournals (during 1991-2013) using citation analysis. The data were collected by means of a tailor-made data collection sheet and analyzed using descriptive statistical indexes. The outcome extracted of 786 articles from72 journals and 19069 citations (during 22 years) showed thatthe holy Quran anNahj olbalagheh were cited as a reference less than 2 percent (157 and 2 order/times، respectively). Surat Al-Baqurahwere the most frequent surahand Surat Al-Ma’ideh and Surat Al-‘Isra’ were in second grade. Overall، Quran and Nahj olbalagheh were used in composing medical articles. But the rate of such usage is limited.

Fasting in Ramadan month is one of the most important worship acts that is obligatory upon the Muslims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fasting on human health by measuring the indicators of oxidative stress، inflammation، vascular damage and biochemical parameters before and after Ramadan. Participants in this study were selected from healthy volunteers (aged from 30 to 65 years) with no history of smoking and chronic diseases. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of oxidative stress، Serum amyloid A (SAA) as a marker of inflammation، asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a marker of vascular damage and finally some biochemical parameters were measured. There was a significant decrease in serum level of MDA and no significant changes in the Serum amyloid A after Ramadan. The serum level of ADMA was significantly decreased after Ramadan. The ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipid cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) was significantly reduced. Changing values in oxidative stress، in vascular function damage and decreased triglycerides to high-density lipid cholesterol ratio suggested that fasting in Ramadan had the beneficial effects on the health.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was considered firstly in 1981 by the report of the diseases such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi''s sarcoma among Homosexuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the care of immunodeficiency virus infection in the past decade and necessity of more attention to religious teachings.

This study is descriptive and cross-sectional study according to official data published by the Ministry of Health of Iran and World Health Organization statistics in the recent decade. The incidence and ways of transmission were reviewed and then the variety of religious teachings associated with disease transmission was mentioned based on Quran and narrations.

In this study، the number of patients was annually increased 29. 2% from 2001 to 2011 averagely. The average number of deaths annually was 1936 people، and at this time the most important ways of transmission in the country among all those in 2011 were recorded injection with common device in drug users (62. 5%)، sex contact 21. 2%) and transmission from mother to child (3. 9%)، respectively. Transmission way was unknown in 12. 4% of this group.

By considering the increasing trend of infection and change in the pattern of transmission، more attention and adherence to religious teachings and practical commitment to these doctrines can be effective in controlling the AIDS and preventing its spread.

Many diseases are caused by the lack of food hygiene. Safe، health and good quality food plays an important role in providing community health and qualitative development of human capital. There are many guidelines and recommendations for the production and correct consumption of food in Quran and Sunnah. The aim of this study was to recognize the importance of food hygiene from Quran approach. This is a retrospective study attempted to investigate a scientific analysis of scientific literature and Islamic sources about the importance of and food safety and health from Quran approach. Findings & This study showed that Quran provides the most perfect food hygiene and safety standards as lawful (Halal) and clean (Tayyib) to provide all aspects of quality in terms of health and safety، nutritious، nourishing and being legitimate needs. Implementation of such progressive standards depends on a correct understanding of Quran، applying quality assurance systems and moving towards organic production. Tayyab and Halal standards are becoming a global brand. The implementation of these standards provides both very high added value for the country in terms of production and supply of safe، health and good quality food and quality development of human capital such as reforming the faith، beliefs، thoughts and behaviors، developing the talents، boosting the capabilities، providing the comprehensive health of human and promoting the human to God.

The eye of human is one of the most complex organs. Every day regardless to this subject، all of us look at the various and beautiful scenes of nature for hours. We can see the near and far objects and keep ourselves from possible hazards of the environment. This sensitive organ is vulnerable more than other organs due to the excessive exposure to the external stimuli. Certainly، eye needs more care by considering the importance of its conception for each individual. This article was discussed the advantages of using Surma in the care and health of human eyes according to Islamic Hadith. The eye care is not new discussion and it has been dealt with from many years ago. The salient points of eye care could predate the rise of Islam، the life of its missionaries، the innocent people (PBUT) who were the pattern of purity and health and the greatest scientists of the world. They consequently recommended using the beneficial natural materials for eyes such as Surma (Ethmed، Kajal and Kohl). Therefore، the aim of this study was to investigate the eye health through the scientific and Islamic resources of libraries about Surma. Surma is soothing and protective object for eyes against the sunlight، it treats the eye infections and it is a natural substance for makeup of eyelashes if it is provided from the reliable source. Using and applying principles of Surma were emphasized in more than 70 authentic Hadith and narrations. But if Surma is polluted by high concentrations of contaminants such as lead، cadmium، nickel and particularly microbial ones، it itself will hurt the eye. Using of Surma is very lucrative especially if it is made from safe and sure source.

Nursing is the important concept in nursing sciences. This concept must be explanation in different culture، religious and philosophy. Then in this article we explanation the concept of nursing based on profit narrations. In this article was used of subjective research in narration and life of profit in 7 steps. Based on narration profetnursing must be based on kindness، imphaty and symphaty. caring is based on need of patients. The family is the best person for nursing of patient because kindness is very important in nursing. Finally the definition of nursing is Mohsenane Nursing (nursing with kindness and love to God). Then in the therapeutic and caring interaction between nurse and patient both becoming and improved in humanity. The root of patient needs in Islam is Fetrat and other definition is interaction and experiences of human with universe. In this view kindness caring is very different. We need a lot of survey for enter this definition in nursing sciences of Iran.